1 Samuel 26:1

Authorized King James Version

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And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon?

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ came H935
וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 14
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
הַזִּפִים֙ And the Ziphites H2130
הַזִּפִים֙ And the Ziphites
Strong's: H2130
Word #: 2 of 14
a ziphite or inhabitant of ziph
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 14
near, with or among; often in general, to
שָׁא֔וּל unto Saul H7586
שָׁא֔וּל unto Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 4 of 14
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה to Gibeah H1390
הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה to Gibeah
Strong's: H1390
Word #: 5 of 14
gibah; the name of three places in palestine
לֵאמֹ֑ר saying H559
לֵאמֹ֑ר saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 6 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
הֲל֨וֹא H3808
הֲל֨וֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 7 of 14
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
דָוִ֤ד Doth not David H1732
דָוִ֤ד Doth not David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 8 of 14
david, the youngest son of jesse
מִסְתַּתֵּר֙ hide H5641
מִסְתַּתֵּר֙ hide
Strong's: H5641
Word #: 9 of 14
to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively
בְּגִבְעַ֣ת himself in the hill H1389
בְּגִבְעַ֣ת himself in the hill
Strong's: H1389
Word #: 10 of 14
a hillock
הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה of Hachilah H2444
הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה of Hachilah
Strong's: H2444
Word #: 11 of 14
chakilah, a hill in palestine
עַ֖ל H5921
עַ֖ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 14
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
פְּנֵ֥י which is before H6440
פְּנֵ֥י which is before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 13 of 14
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַיְשִׁימֹֽן׃ Jeshimon H3452
הַיְשִׁימֹֽן׃ Jeshimon
Strong's: H3452
Word #: 14 of 14
a desolation

Analysis & Commentary

The Ziphites' second betrayal of David reveals the persistent danger faced by God's anointed during his wilderness years. Their willingness to inform Saul despite witnessing David's previous mercy demonstrates how political self-interest often trumps gratitude. The Hebrew phrase 'ha-lo David mistatter' (Is not David hiding himself?) echoes their earlier betrayal in chapter 23, showing a pattern of human treachery that David must navigate. Yet God uses even hostile circumstances to demonstrate His sovereign protection of the one He has chosen to rule Israel.

Historical Context

The wilderness of Ziph, located in the hill country south of Hebron, provided natural fortifications and caves ideal for fugitives. The Ziphites, though of David's own tribe of Judah, apparently saw political advantage in supporting Saul. This second betrayal occurred approximately 1012 BCE during Saul's final years.

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